SEPARASE Antibody – Rabbit

Stable cohesion between sister chromatids before anaphase and their timely separation during anaphase are critical for chromosome inheritance. In vertebrates, sister chromatid cohesion is released in 2 steps via distinct mechanisms. The first step involves phosphorylation of STAG1 (MIM 604358) or STAG2 (MIM 300826) in the cohesin complex. The second step involves cleavage of the cohesin subunit SCC1 (RAD21; MIM 606462) by ESPL1, or separase, which initiates the final separation of sister chromatids (Sun et al., 2009 [PubMed 19345191]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

separase: a caspase-like protease, which plays a central role in the chromosome segregation by cleaving the SCC1/RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex at the onset of anaphase. During most of the cell cycle, it is inactivated by different mechanisms. Regulated by at least two independent mechanisms. First, it is inactivated via its interaction with securin/PTTG1, which probably covers its active site. Second, phosphorylation inactivates it. It is completely phosphorylated during mitosis and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Two alternatively spliced isoforms have been described.

Protein type: EC 3.4.22.49; Protease

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12q

Cellular Component: centrosome; nucleus; cytosol

Molecular Function: protein binding; catalytic activity; cysteine-type peptidase activity

Biological Process: establishment of mitotic spindle localization; homologous chromosome segregation; mitotic sister chromatid segregation; apoptosis; negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion; positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition; cytokinesis; mitotic cell cycle; proteolysis; meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis