Protein C (PROC) Antibody – Goat Polyclonal

This gene encodes a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein. The encoded protein is cleaved to its activated form by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. This activated form contains a serine protease domain and functions in degradation of the activated forms of coagulation factors V and VIII. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, neonatal purpura fulminans, and recurrent venous thrombosis.

Function: Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease that regulates blood coagulation by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa in the presence of calcium ions and phospholipids.

Catalytic activity: Degradation of blood coagulation factors Va and VIIIa.

Subunit structure: Synthesized as a single chain precursor, which is cleaved into a light chain and a heavy chain held together by a disulfide bond. The enzyme is then activated by thrombin, which cleaves a tetradecapeptide from the amino end of the heavy chain; this reaction, which occurs at the surface of endothelial cells, is strongly promoted by thrombomodulin.

Tissue specificity: Plasma; synthesized in the liver.

Post-translational modification: The vitamin K-dependent, enzymatic carboxylation of some Glu residues allows the modified protein to bind calcium.Partial (70%) N-glycosylation of Asn-371 with an atypical N-X-C site produces a higher molecular weight form referred to as alpha. The lower molecular weight form, not glycosylated at Asn-371, is beta. Ref.12 Ref.14The iron and 2-oxoglutarate dependent 3-hydroxylation of aspartate and asparagine is (R) stereospecific within EGF domains.

Involvement in disease: Defects in PROC are the cause of protein C deficiency autosomal dominant (ADPROCD) [

MIM:176860]. ADPROCD is a cause of hereditary thrombophilia, a hemostatic disorder characterized by impaired regulation of blood coagulation and a tendency to recurrent venous thrombosis. However, many adults with heterozygous disease may be asymptomatic. Individuals with decreased amounts of protein C are classically referred to as having type I protein C deficiency and those with normal amounts of a functionally defective protein as having type II deficiency. Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.24 Ref.25 Ref.29 Ref.30 Ref.31 Ref.35 Ref.38 Ref.39 Ref.40Defects in PROC are the cause of protein C deficiency autosomal recessive (ARPROCD) [

MIM:612304]. ARPROCD results in a thrombotic condition that can manifest as a severe neonatal disorder or as a milder disorder with late-onset thrombophilia. The severe form leads to neonatal death through massive neonatal venous thrombosis. Often associated with ecchymotic skin lesions which can turn necrotic called purpura fulminans, this disorder is very rare.

Miscellaneous: Calcium also binds, with stronger affinity to another site, beyond the GLA domain. This GLA-independent binding site is necessary for the recognition of the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.Contains 2 EGF-like domains.Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain.Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.

Sequence caution: The sequence S76088 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous termination at position 151. Translated as Cys.