14-3-3 zeta Recombinant Protein

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The encoded protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Several transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR but that encode the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

Function: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Ref.9 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.21 Ref.23

Subunit structure: Interacts with CDK16 and BSPRY

By similarity. Interacts with WEE1 (C-terminal). Interacts with SAMSN1

By similarity. Interacts with MLF1 (phosphorylated form); the interaction retains it in the cytoplasm

By similarity. Interacts with Thr-phosphorylated ITGB2

By similarity. Interacts with BCL2L11

By similarity. Homodimer. Heterodimerizes with YWHAE. Homo- and hetero-dimerization is inhibited by phosphorylation on Ser-58. Interacts with FOXO4, NOXA1, SSH1 and ARHGEF2. Interacts with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoS (unphosphorylated form). Interacts with BAX; the interaction occurs in the cytoplasm. Under stress conditions, MAPK8-mediated phosphorylation releases BAX to mitochondria. Interacts with phosphorylated RAF1; the interaction is inhibited when YWHAZ is phosphorylated on Thr-232. Interacts with TP53; the interaction enhances p53 transcriptional activity. The Ser-58 phosphorylated form inhibits this interaction and p53 transcriptional activity. Interacts with ABL1 (phosphorylated form); the interaction retains ABL1 in the cytoplasm. Interacts with PKA-phosphorylated AANAT; the interaction modulates AANAT enzymatic activity by increasing affinity for arylalkylamines and acetyl-CoA and protecting the enzyme from dephosphorylation and proteasomal degradation. It may also prevent thiol-dependent inactivation. Interacts with AKT1; the interaction phosphorylates YWHAZ and modulates dimerization. Interacts with GAB2 and TLK2. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.23 Ref.25 Ref.26 Ref.27

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Melanosome. Note: Located to stage I to stage IV melanosomes. Ref.24

Post-translational modification: The delta, brain-specific form differs from the zeta form in being phosphorylated

By similarity. Phosphorylation on Ser-184 by MAPK8; promotes dissociation of BAX and translocation of BAX to mitochondria. Phosphorylation on Thr-232; inhibits binding of RAF1. Phosphorylated on Ser-58 by PKA and protein kinase C delta type catalytic subunit in a sphingosine-dependent fashion. Phosphorylation on Ser-58 by PKA; disrupts homodimerization and heterodimerization with YHAE and TP53. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.23

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.

Caution: Was originally (Ref.1) thought to have phospholipase A2 activity.

Sequence caution: The sequence AAH51814.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened.The sequence AAH73141.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened.