TLR4 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

TLR4: Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS- independent inflammatory responses triggered by Ni(2+). These responses require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific. Belongs to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, a multi-protein complex containing at least CD14, LY96 and TLR4. Binding to bacterial LPS leads to homodimerization. Interacts with LY96 via the extracellular domain. Interacts with MYD88 and TIRAP via their respective TIR domains. Interacts with NOX4. Interacts with CNPY3. Interacts with HSP90B1. The interaction with both CNPY3 and HSP90B1 is required for proper folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Highly expressed in placenta, spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes. Detected in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and several types of T-cells. Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Receptor, misc.; Membrane protein, integral

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9q33.1

Cellular Component: cell surface; cytoplasm; endosome membrane; external side of plasma membrane; integral to plasma membrane; intrinsic to plasma membrane; lipopolysaccharide receptor complex; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: lipopolysaccharide binding; lipopolysaccharide receptor activity; protein binding; receptor activity; transmembrane receptor activity

Biological Process: activation of MAPK activity; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; astrocyte development; B cell proliferation during immune response; defense response to bacterium; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; detection of fungus; detection of lipopolysaccharide; I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; I-kappaB phosphorylation; immune response; inflammatory response; innate immune response; interferon-gamma production; interleukin-1 beta secretion; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; macrophage activation; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; negative regulation of interleukin-17 production; negative regulation of interleukin-23 production; negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of B cell proliferation; positive regulation of chemokine production; positive regulation of inflammatory response; positive regulation of interferon-alpha production; positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interferon-beta production; positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; positive regulation of interleukin-1 production; positive regulation of interleukin-10 production; positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; positive regulation of JNK cascade; positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; production of nitric oxide during acute inflammatory response; regulation of cytokine secretion; regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production; response to lipopolysaccharide; T-helper 1 type immune response; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Disease: Macular Degeneration, Age-related, 10