MAPK2/3; MAP kinase 2/3 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

ERK1: a serine/threonine kinase of the GMGC group that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) play central roles in MAPK cascades and are activated by a wide variety of extracellular signals including growth and neurotrophic factors, cytokines, hormones and neurotransmitters. Depending on the cellular context, MAPK cascades mediate diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. MAPK cascades also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. Activation of MAP kinases occurs through phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues at the sequence T*EY* by upstream MAP kinase kinases, MEK1 and -2. Phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine are required for activity. This phosphorylation causes dramatic conformational changes, which enable full activation and interaction of MAPK1/ERK2 with its substrates.

Protein type: Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Protein kinase, CMGC; Kinase, protein; EC 2.7.11.24; CMGC group; MAPK family; MAPK/ERK subfamily; ERK subfamily

Cellular Component: caveola; cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; cytosol; early endosome; focal adhesion; Golgi apparatus; late endosome; microtubule cytoskeleton; mitochondrion; nuclear envelope; nucleoplasm; nucleus; protein complex; pseudopodium

Molecular Function: ATP binding; MAP kinase activity; phosphatase binding; phosphotyrosine binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Biological Process: apoptosis; arachidonic acid metabolic process; Bergmann glial cell differentiation; BMP signaling pathway; cartilage development; DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; MAPKKK cascade; neural crest cell development; nuclear translocation of MAPK; organ morphogenesis; outer ear morphogenesis; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; phosphorylation; positive regulation of cyclase activity; positive regulation of histone acetylation; positive regulation of histone phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of telomerase activity; positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; positive regulation of translation; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein complex assembly; regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; regulation of ossification; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; regulation of transcription factor activity; response to DNA damage stimulus; response to exogenous dsRNA; response to lipopolysaccharide; response to toxin; sensory perception of pain; thymus development; thyroid gland development; transcription, DNA-dependent