PKA Catalytic Beta (PRKACB) Recombinant Protein

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and is a catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

PKACB: Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. A number of inactive tetrameric holoenzymes are produced by the combination of homo- or heterodimers of the different regulatory subunits associated with two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit binds PJA2. Isoform 1 is most abundant in the brain, with low level expression in kidney. Isoform 2 is predominantly expressed in thymus, spleen and kidney. Isoform 3 and isoform 4 are only expressed in the brain. Activated by cAMP. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cAMP subfamily. 9 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Protein kinase, AGC; Kinase, protein; EC 2.7.11.11; AGC group; PKA family

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1p31.1

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; centrosome; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane; cytosol; cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex

Molecular Function: protein binding; cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; magnesium ion binding; ATP binding

Biological Process: epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; water transport; activation of protein kinase A; glucose metabolic process; negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle; pathogenesis; signal transduction; protein amino acid phosphorylation; gluconeogenesis; G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger; synaptic transmission; phospholipase C activation; neural tube closure; carbohydrate metabolic process; triacylglycerol catabolic process; energy reserve metabolic process; innate immune response; renal water homeostasis; blood coagulation; regulation of insulin secretion; transmembrane transport