Oxidized PAPC Protein

Product Description: Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) is a prototypic biologically active oxidized phospholipid first isolated from LDL minimally modified by oxidation (MM-LDL). OxPAPC is an active principle of MM-LDL that mimics several pro- and anti-inflammatory effects induced by oxidized lipoproteins. Oxidation of PAPC generates a mixture of oxidized phospholipids containing either fragmented or full-length oxygenated sn-2 residues. The best-characterized oxidatively fragmented species contain a five-carbon sn-2 residue bearing omega-aldehyde or omega-carboxyl groups. Oxydation of arachidonic acid residue also produces phospholipids containing esterified isoprostanes. Both fragmented and full-length oxygenated species can regulate immune reactions. Pro-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC include stimulation of endothelial cells to bind monocytes and induction of tissue clotting factor, IL-8, MCP-1, G-CSF and other mediators of atherothrombosis. Anti-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC are mediated by induction of protective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 as well as suppression of innate immune responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to inhibition of LPS recognition by LPS-binding protein (LBP) and CD14. OxPAPC is active in vivo and was shown to protect mice in several models of acute inflammation induced by bacterial products. In addition, oxidized phospholipids present in OxPAPC are recognised by scavenger receptor CD36 and auto-antibodies present in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. Biological activities of OxPAPC are mediated by a variety of signal transduction mechanisms, including elevation of cAMP and Ca2+ levels, activation of MAP kinases, PI-3-kinase and small GTPases Rac-1 and Cdc42. OxPAPC-induced gene expression is mediated by transcription factors such as Egr-1, NFAT, CREB, NRF2, ATF4 but does not involve NF degree B-dependent transcription. For biological tests we recommend to use 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PAPC, cat.# HC4043) as negative unoxidized controls.

1. Bochkov, V et al; Oxidized phospholipids stimulate tissue factor expression in human endothelial cells via activation of ERK/EGR-1 and Ca++/NFAT. Blood 2002, 99: 199 2. Birukov, K et al; Signal transduction pathways activated in human pulmonary endothelial cells by OxPAPC, a bioactive component of oxidized lipoproteins. Microvasc Res 2004, 67: 18
3. Zheng, M et al; Inhibition of LPS- and CpG DNA-induced TNF-alpha response by oxidized phospholipids. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004, 286: L808
4. Birukov, K et al; Epoxycyclopentenone-containing oxidized phospholipids restore endothelial barrier function via Cdc42 and Rac. Circ Res 2004, 95: 892
5. Furnkranz, A et al; Oxidized phospholipids trigger atherogenic inflammation in murine arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25: 633
6. Blml, S et al; Oxidized phospholipids negatively regulate dendritic cell maturation induced by TLRs and CD40. J Immunol 2005, 175: 501

Small volumes of Oxidized PAPC protein vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.

MBS584642 is a protein targeting Oxidized PAPC.