Azurocidin (AZU1) Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a mature azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antimicrobial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

AZU1: This is a neutrophil granule-derived antibacterial and monocyte- and fibroblast-specific chemotactic glycoprotein. Binds heparin. The cytotoxic action is limited to many species of Gram- negative bacteria; this specificity may be explained by a strong affinity of the very basic N-terminal half for the negatively charged lipopolysaccharides that are unique to the Gram-negative bacterial outer envelope. It may play a role in mediating recruitment of monocytes in the second wave of inflammation. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-nagative bacterium P.aeruginosa, this activity is inhibited by LPS from P.aeruginosa. Acting alone, it does not have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria A.actinomycetemcomitans 29532, A.actinomycetemcomitans 9709, A.actinomycetemcomitans FDC-Y4, H.aphrophilus 13252, E.corrodens 23834, C.sputigena 33123, Capnocytophaga sp 33124, Capnocytophaga sp 27872 or E.coli ML-35. Has antibacterial activity against C.sputigena 33123 when acting synergistically with either elastase or cathepsin G. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily.

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19p13.3

Cellular Component: azurophil granule; extracellular space; extrinsic to membrane

Molecular Function: heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding; heparin binding; peptidase activity; protein binding; serine-type endopeptidase activity

Biological Process: antimicrobial humoral response; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; defense response to virus; glial cell migration; microglial cell activation; monocyte activation; positive regulation of cell adhesion; positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process; positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; positive regulation of phagocytosis; positive regulation of protein kinase activity; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process; protein kinase C activation; protein processing; proteolysis