Function: Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. Ref.4 Ref.6
Catalytic activity: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ethanolamine. Ref.7
Cofactor: Binds 2 zinc ions per subunit. Ref.7Binds 1 calcium ion per subunit. Ref.7
Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Inhibited by EDTA and EGTA
By similarity.
Subcellular location: Secreted. Note: Secreted by most body fluids including serum and CSF. Also by adipocytes and numerous cancer cells. Ref.2 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7
Tissue specificity: Abundantly expressed in cerebrum and cerebellum. Localized in secretory epithelial cells in the brain and the eye including choroid plexus epithelial cells, ciliary epithelial cells, iris pigment epithelial cells, and retinal pigment cells. Ref.1 Ref.2
Post-translational modification: N-glycosylation, but not furin-cleavage, plays a critical role on secretion and on lysoPLD activity
By similarity.It has been suggested that the active SMB domain may be permitted considerable disulfide bond heterogeneity or variability, thus two alternate disulfide patterns based on 3D structures are described with 1 disulfide bond conserved in both.
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family.Contains 2 SMB (somatomedin-B) domains.
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