LOXL2 Active Protein

This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

LOXL2: Mediates the post-translational oxidative deamination of lysine residues on target proteins leading to the formation of deaminated lysine (allysine). When secreted in extracellular matrix, promotes cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins by mediating oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Acts as a regulator of sprouting angiogenesis, probably via collagen IV scaffolding. When nuclear, acts as a transcription corepressor and specifically mediates deamination of trimethylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via interaction with SNAI1 and participates in repression of E- cadherin, probably by mediating deamination of histone H3. Also involved in E-cadherin repression following hypoxia, a hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition believed to amplify tumor aggressiveness, suggesting that it may play a role in tumor progression. Acts as a regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, probably by regulating expression of factors that control chondrocyte differentiation. Belongs to the lysyl oxidase family.

Protein type: Secreted; EC 1.4.3.13; Oxidoreductase; Cell adhesion; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 8p21.3

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; extracellular space; membrane; basement membrane; chromosome; nucleus

Molecular Function: protein binding; copper ion binding; electron carrier activity; protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity; chromatin binding; transcription corepressor activity; methylated histone residue binding; scavenger receptor activity

Biological Process: receptor-mediated endocytosis; collagen fibril organization; transcription, DNA-dependent; protein modification process; protein amino acid deamination; positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; response to copper ion; endothelial cell proliferation; histone modification; response to hypoxia; endothelial cell migration; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; sprouting angiogenesis; cell adhesion; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; aging