ATG5 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

Function: Involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG12 through an ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also regulates negatively the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct association with RARRES3 and MAVS. Plays also a role in translation or delivery of incoming viral RNA to the translation apparatus. HCV utilizes ATG5 as a proviral factor during the onset of viral infection. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is essential for both B and T lymphocyte survival and proliferation. Required for optimal processing and presentation of antigens for MHC II. Involved in the maintenance of axon morphology and membrane structures; as well as in normal adipocyte differentiation. Ref.6 Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.19May play an important role in the apoptotic process, possibly within the modified cytoskeleton. Its expression is a relatively late event in the apoptotic process, occurring downstream of caspase activity. Plays a crucial role in IFN-gamma-induced autophagic cell death by interacting with FADD. Ref.6 Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.19

Subunit structure: Forms a conjugate with ATG12. The ATG5-ATG12 conjugate forms a complex with several units of ATG16L. Interacts with TECPR1; the interaction is direct and does not take place when ATG16L is associated with the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate. ATG12-ATG5 interacts with MAVS, MGA and RARRES3. Interacts with ATG3, ATG7 and ATG10. Interacts with FADD. Interacts transiently interacts with hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein NS5B during HCV infection. Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.18 Ref.20

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note: Colocalizes with nonmuscle actin. The conjugate detaches from the membrane immediately before or after autophagosome formation is completed. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.16

Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous. The mRNA is present at similar levels in viable and apoptotic cells, whereas the protein is dramatically highly expressed in apoptotic cells.

Induction: By apoptotic stimuli.

Post-translational modification: Conjugated to ATG12; which is essential for autophagy, but is not required for association with isolation membrane.Acetylated by EP300.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the ATG5 family.