Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Rat (TNF) Active Protein

Function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation.The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells

By similarity.

Subunit structure: Homotrimer. Interacts with SPPL2B

By similarity.

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein

By similarity. Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein

By similarity. Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form: Secreted

By similarity. C-domain 1: Secreted

By similarity. C-domain 2: Secreted

By similarity.

Post-translational modification: The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing. The membrane-bound form is further proteolytically processed by SPPL2A or SPPL2B through regulated intramembrane proteolysis producing TNF intracellular domains (ICD1 and ICD2) released in the cytosol and TNF C-domain 1 and C-domain 2 secreted into the extracellular space

By similarity.The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on serine residues. Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1

By similarity.O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid

By similarity.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.