AXL Antibody – Rat Monoclonal

Function: Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TENC1. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response. Ref.7 Ref.8

Catalytic activity: ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate.

Enzyme regulation: Activated by GAS6-binding and subsequent autophosphorylation

By similarity.

Subunit structure: Heterodimer and heterotetramer with ligand GAS6

By similarity. Interacts with CBL, GRB2, LCK, NCK2, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, PIK3R3, PLCG1, SOCS1 and TENC1. Part of a complex including AXL, TNK2 and GRB2, in which GRB2 promotes AXL recruitment by TNK2

By similarity. Ref.6

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

By similarity.

Tissue specificity: In distinct substructures of a broad spectrum of developing tissues (in the late embryogenesis). In cells forming organ capsules as well as in connective tissue structures (in adult).

Post-translational modification: Monoubiquitinated upon GAS6-binding. A very small proportion of the receptor could be subjected to polyubiquitination in a very transient fashion

By similarity.Phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by autocatalysis, which activates kinase activity

By similarity.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. AXL/UFO subfamily.Contains 2 fibronectin type-III domains.Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.Contains 1 protein kinase domain.