Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) Active Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to insulin in function and structure and is a member of a family of proteins involved in mediating growth and development. The encoded protein is processed from a precursor, bound by a specific receptor, and secreted. Defects in this gene are a cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

IGF1: The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in rat bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. Defects in IGF1 are the cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency (IGF1 deficiency). IGF1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, sensorineural deafness and mental retardation. Belongs to the insulin family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12q23.2

Cellular Component: extracellular region; extracellular space; insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: hormone activity; insulin receptor binding; insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; integrin binding; protein binding

Biological Process: activation of MAPK activity; activation of protein kinase B; cell activation; cell motility; cell proliferation; cellular protein metabolic process; DNA replication; glycolate metabolic process; insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; muscle development; muscle hypertrophy; myoblast differentiation; myoblast proliferation; myotube cell development; negative regulation of apoptosis; phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; phosphoinositide-mediated signaling; platelet degranulation; positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of DNA binding; positive regulation of DNA replication; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; positive regulation of glucose import; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of glycolysis; positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade; positive regulation of mitosis; positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation; positive regulation of protein secretion; positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein; protein kinase B signaling cascade; protein stabilization; proteoglycan biosynthetic process; Ras protein signal transduction; regulation of gene expression; regulation of multicellular organism growth; response to heat; satellite cell compartment self-renewal involved in skeletal muscle regeneration; signal transduction; skeletal development

Disease: Insulin-like Growth Factor I Deficiency