Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthetase 1 (CPS1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The mitochondrial enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. This reaction is the first committed step of the urea cycle, which is important in the removal of excess urea from cells. The encoded protein may also represent a core mitochondrial nucleoid protein. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The shortest isoform may not be localized to the mitochondrion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency, susceptibility to persistent pulmonary hypertension, and susceptibility to venoocclusive disease after bone marrow transplantation.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

CPS1: Involved in the urea cycle of ureotelic animals where the enzyme plays an important role in removing excess ammonia from the cell. Defects in CPS1 are the cause of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D). CPS1D is an autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle causing hyperammonemia. Clinical features include protein intolerance, intermittent ataxia, seizures, lethargy, developmental delay and mental retardation. Genetic variations in CPS1 influence the availability of precursors for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and play a role in clinical situations where endogenous NO production is critically important, such as neonatal pulmonary hypertension, increased pulmonary artery pressure following surgical repair of congenital heart defects or hepatovenocclusive disease following bone marrow transplantation. Infants with neonatal pulmonary hypertension homozygous for Thr-1406 have lower L-arginine concentrations than neonates homozygous for Asn-1406. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Energy Metabolism - nitrogen; Nucleolus; EC 6.3.4.16; Mitochondrial; Amino Acid Metabolism - alanine, aspartate and glutamate; Ligase; Amino Acid Metabolism - arginine and proline

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2q35

Cellular Component: protein complex; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrial inner membrane; nucleolus

Molecular Function: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity; protein binding; glutamate binding; carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity; endopeptidase activity; protein complex binding; phospholipid binding; calcium ion binding; ATP binding

Biological Process: response to drug; response to food; glycogen catabolic process; arginine biosynthetic process; response to toxin; response to lipopolysaccharide; homocysteine metabolic process; positive regulation of vasodilation; response to amino acid stimulus; proteolysis; nitric oxide metabolic process; response to starvation; citrulline biosynthetic process; response to zinc ion; glutamine catabolic process; triacylglycerol catabolic process; midgut development; anion homeostasis; response to amine stimulus; urea cycle

Disease: Pulmonary Hypertension, Neonatal, Susceptibility To; Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I Deficiency, Hyperammonemia Due To