Adenosine Deaminase, RNA-Specific (ADAR) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for RNA editing by site-specific deamination of adenosines. This enzyme destabilizes double-stranded RNA through conversion of adenosine to inosine. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

ADAR: Converts multiple adenosines to inosines and creates I/U mismatched base pairs in double-helical RNA substrates without apparent sequence specificity. Has been found to modify more frequently adenosines in AU-rich regions, probably due to the relative ease of melting A/U base pairs as compared to G/C pairs. Functions to modify viral RNA genomes and may be responsible for hypermutation of certain negative-stranded viruses. Edits the messenger RNAs for glutamate receptor (GLUR) subunits by site- selective adenosine deamination. Produces low-level editing at the GLUR-B Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Binds to short interfering RNAs (siRNA) without editing them and suppresses siRNA-mediated RNA interference. Binds to ILF3/NF90 and up-regulates ILF3-mediated gene expression. Isoform 1 is induced by interferon alpha. Isoform 5 is constitutively expressed. Homodimer. Isoform 1 interacts with ILF2/NF45 and ILF3/NF90. 5 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative promoter.

Protein type: Hydrolase; EC 3.5.4.37; RNA-binding; RNA processing; Nucleolus

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q21.3

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; membrane; cytoplasm; nucleolus; nucleus

Molecular Function: double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity; protein binding; DNA binding; metal ion binding

Biological Process: positive regulation of viral genome replication; base conversion or substitution editing; in utero embryonic development; response to virus; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; miRNA-mediated gene silencing, miRNA loading onto RISC; somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation; adenosine to inosine editing; osteoblast differentiation; negative regulation of viral genome replication; protein import into nucleus; pre-microRNA processing; mRNA modification; erythrocyte differentiation; innate immune response; gene expression; hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation; protein export from nucleus; mRNA processing; defense response to virus; negative regulation of apoptosis

Disease: Dyschromatosis Symmetrica Hereditaria; Aicardi-goutieres Syndrome 6