Glucagon (GC) ELISA Kit for Human

The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GCG: Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. Glucagon release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion. Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain. Belongs to the glucagon family.

Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Hormone; Secreted

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2q36-q37

Cellular Component: endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; extracellular space; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: glucagon receptor binding; hormone activity; identical protein binding; protein binding; receptor binding

Biological Process: cell proliferation; cellular protein metabolic process; energy reserve metabolic process; feeding behavior; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of appetite; positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process; positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein binding; positive regulation of protein kinase activity; regulation of insulin secretion; response to starvation; signal transduction