Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1) ELISA Kit for Human

Loss of sequences from human chromosome 10q has been associated with the progression of human cancers. The gene DMBT1 was originally isolated based on its deletion in a medulloblastoma cell line. DMBT1 is expressed with transcripts of 6.0, 7.5, and 8.0 kb in fetal lung and with one transcript of 8.0 kb in adult lung, although the 7.5 kb transcript has not been characterized. The DMBT1 protein is a glycoprotein containing multiple scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains separated by SRCR-interspersed domains (SID). Transcript variant 2 (8.0 kb) has been shown to bind surfactant protein D independently of carbohydrate recognition. This indicates that DMBT1 may not be a classical tumor suppressor gene, but rather play a role in the interaction of tumor cells and the immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

DMBT1: May be considered as a candidate tumor suppressor gene for brain, lung, esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. May play roles in mucosal defense system, cellular immune defense and epithelial differentiation. May play a role as an opsonin receptor for SFTPD and SPAR in macrophage tissues throughout the body, including epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. May play a role in liver regeneration. May be an important factor in fate decision and differentiation of transit-amplifying ductular (oval) cells within the hepatic lineage. Required for terminal differentiation of columnar epithelial cells during early embryogenesis. May function as a binding protein in saliva for the regulation of taste sensation. Binds to HIV-1 envelope protein and has been shown to both inhibit and facilitate viral transmission. Displays a broad calcium-dependent binding spectrum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting a role in defense against bacterial pathogens. Binds to a range of poly- sulfated and poly-phosphorylated ligands which may explain its broad bacterial-binding specificity. Inhibits cytoinvasion of S.enterica. Associates with the actin cytoskeleton and is involved in its remodeling during regulated exocytosis. Interacts with pancreatic zymogens in a pH-dependent manner and may act as a Golgi cargo receptor in the regulated secretory pathway of the pancreatic acinar cell. Defects in DMBT1 are involved in the development of glioma (GLM). Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Homozygous deletions may be the predominant mechanism of DMBT1 inactivation playing a role in carcinogenesis. DMBT1 is deleted in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines; point mutations have also been reported in patients with glioma. A loss or reduction of DMBT1 expression has been seen in esophageal, gastric, lung and colorectal carcinomas as well. Belongs to the DMBT1 family. 8 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Secreted; Membrane protein, integral; Tumor suppressor; Oncoprotein; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 10q26.13

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; extracellular region; extracellular space; extrinsic to membrane; phagocytic vesicle membrane; proteinaceous extracellular matrix; zymogen granule membrane

Molecular Function: calcium-dependent protein binding; pattern recognition receptor activity; protein binding; scavenger receptor activity

Biological Process: cellular protein metabolic process; defense response to virus; epithelial cell differentiation; induction of bacterial agglutination; innate immune response; inner cell mass cell proliferation; pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation; protein transport; receptor-mediated endocytosis; viral reproduction

Disease: Glioma Susceptibility 1; Medulloblastoma