Neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) ELISA Kit for Human

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane glycoprotein that that mediates cell-cell signaling and plays a critical role in the growth and development of multiple organ systems. An extraordinary variety of different isoforms are produced from this gene through alternative promoter usage and splicing. These isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and differ significantly in their structure, and are classified as types I, II, III, IV, V and VI. Dysregulation of this gene has been linked to diseases such as cancer, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder (BPD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

NRG1: Direct ligand for ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. Concomitantly recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors. The multiple isoforms perform diverse functions such as inducing growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial, neuronal, and skeletal muscle cells; inducing expression of acetylcholine receptor in synaptic vesicles during the formation of the neuromuscular junction; stimulating lobuloalveolar budding and milk production in the mammary gland and inducing differentiation of mammary tumor cells; stimulating Schwann cell proliferation; implication in the development of the myocardium such as trabeculation of the developing heart. Isoform 10 may play a role in motor and sensory neuron development. The cytoplasmic domain interacts with the LIM domain region of LIMK1. Interacts with ERBB3 and ERBB4. Type I isoforms are the predominant forms expressed in the endocardium. Isoform alpha is expressed in breast, ovary, testis, prostate, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, placenta liver, kidney, salivary gland, small intestine and brain, but not in uterus, stomach, pancreas, and spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant form in mesenchymal cells and in non-neuronal organs, whereas isoform 6 is the major neuronal form. Isoform 8 is expressed in spinal cord and brain. Isoform 9 is the major form in skeletal muscle cells; in the nervous system it is expressed in spinal cord and brain. Also detected in adult heart, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas. Isoform 10 is expressed in nervous system: spinal cord motor neurons, dorsal root ganglion neurons, and brain. Predominant isoform expressed in sensory and motor neurons. Not detected in adult heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. Not expressed in fetal lung, liver and kidney. Type IV isoforms are brain-specific. Belongs to the neuregulin family. 10 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Cell development/differentiation; Membrane protein, integral; Ligand, receptor tyrosine kinase; Cytokine; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 8p12

Cellular Component: apical plasma membrane; axolemma; cytoplasm; dendrite; external side of plasma membrane; extracellular region; extracellular space; integral to plasma membrane; membrane; neuromuscular junction; nucleus

Molecular Function: chemorepellent activity; cytokine activity; ErbB-2 class receptor binding; ErbB-3 class receptor binding; growth factor activity; protein binding; protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; receptor binding; receptor tyrosine kinase binding; transcription cofactor activity; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

Biological Process: activation of MAPKK activity; axon guidance; cardiac muscle cell differentiation; cell communication; cell proliferation; cellular protein complex disassembly; chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex; embryonic development; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; glial cell fate commitment; glucose transport; innate immune response; insulin receptor signaling pathway; locomotory behavior; mammary gland development; MAPKKK cascade; myelination; negative regulation of protein catabolic process; negative regulation of secretion; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; nervous system development; neural crest cell development; neuron fate commitment; neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process; oligodendrocyte differentiation; peripheral nervous system development; phosphoinositide-mediated signaling; positive regulation of axon extension; positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of cell adhesion; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of myelination; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction; positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; Ras protein signal transduction; regulation of blood pressure; regulation of protein heterodimerization activity; regulation of protein homodimerization activity; small GTPase mediated signal transduction; startle response; synaptogenesis; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation (dimerization); transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation; wound healing

Disease: Schizophrenia 6