GLRX2 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glutaredoxin family of proteins, which maintain cellular thiol homeostasis. These proteins are thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that use a glutathione-binding site and one or two active cysteines in their active site. This gene undergoes alternative splicing to produce multiple isoforms, one of which is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to mitochondria, where it functions in mitochondrial redox homeostasis and is important for the protection against and recovery from oxidative stress. Other isoforms, which have more restrictive expression patterns, show cytosolic and nuclear localization, and are thought to function in cellular differentiation and transformation, possibly with a role in tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

GLRX2: Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently catalyzes both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide production by the complex. Overexpression decreases the susceptibility to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release. Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Mitochondrial; Oxidoreductase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q31.2

Cellular Component: cell soma; dendrite; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrion; nucleoplasm; nucleus

Molecular Function: 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding; arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity; electron carrier activity; glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity; metal ion binding; protein disulfide isomerase activity; protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Biological Process: aging; apoptosis; cell differentiation; cell redox homeostasis; DNA protection; glutathione metabolic process; protein folding; regulation of signal transduction; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; response to hydrogen peroxide; response to organic substance; response to redox state; response to temperature stimulus