Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 4 (SMAD4) ELISA Kit for Donkey

This gene encodes a member of the Smad family of signal transduction proteins. Smad proteins are phosphorylated and activated by transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases in response to TGF-beta signaling. The product of this gene forms homomeric complexes and heteromeric complexes with other activated Smad proteins, which then accumulate in the nucleus and regulate the transcription of target genes. This protein binds to DNA and recognizes an 8-bp palindromic sequence (GTCTAGAC) called the Smad-binding element (SBE). The Smad proteins are subject to complex regulation by post-translational modifications. Mutations or deletions in this gene have been shown to result in pancreatic cancer, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

SMAD4: transcription factor that mediates signal transduction by the transforming growth factor superfamily. The common smad (co-smad). Binds directly to consensus DNA-binding elements in the promoters of target genes. Promotes binding of the Smad2/Smad4/Fast-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for Smad1 or Smad2 to stimulate transcription.

Protein type: DNA-binding; Transcription, coactivator/corepressor; Nuclear receptor co-regulator

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 18q21.1

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; centrosome; transcription factor complex; nuclear chromatin; cytoplasm; cytosol; nucleus

Molecular Function: collagen binding; identical protein binding; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; transforming growth factor beta receptor, common-partner cytoplasmic mediator activity; DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; metal ion binding; chromatin binding; transcription factor activity

Biological Process: axon guidance; developmental growth; somatic stem cell maintenance; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; sebaceous gland development; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; palate development; BMP signaling pathway; negative regulation of cell proliferation; regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; mesoderm development; neural crest cell differentiation; positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production; regulation of binding; transcription, DNA-dependent; in utero embryonic development; neuron fate commitment; positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; gastrulation with mouth forming second; somite rostral/caudal axis specification; SMAD protein complex assembly; formation of anatomical boundary; endothelial cell activation; cell proliferation; ureteric bud branching; response to hypoxia; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; gene expression; regulation of hair follicle development; negative regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of protein catabolic process; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; endoderm development

Disease: Pancreatic Cancer; Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome; Myhre Syndrome; Juvenile Polyposis/hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Syndrome