Glucokinase (GCK) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three tissue-specific forms of glucokinase, one found in pancreatic islet beta cells and two found in liver. The protein localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. Mutations in this gene have been associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY2) and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

GK: a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes glucose metabolism in the liver and pancreatic beta cells. Acts as a ""glucose sensor"" in beta cells. The first and rate-limiting step in glycosis, a pathway that produces energy in the form of ATP from glucose. Glucokinase traps glucose inside the cell by catalyzing its phosphorylation to produce glucose-6-phosphate. Has a lower affinity for glucose than the three other isozymes of hexokinase, allowing other organs such as the brain and muscles to have first call on glucose when its supply is limited. Unlike other hexokinases, glucokinase is not inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase is found in the outer membrane compartment of mitochondria. May bind VDAC, suppressing mitochondrial function. Glucokinase transcription is induced by insulin, perhaps via the activation of Stat 5B. Mutant glucokinase causes a rare form of diabetes and may also play a role in type 2 diabetes. Three splice variant isoforms of human glucokinase have been described.

Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; EC 2.7.1.2; Carbohydrate Metabolism - amino sugar and nucleotide sugar; Carbohydrate Metabolism - galactose; Mitochondrial; Kinase, other; Carbohydrate Metabolism - starch and sucrose

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7p15.3-p15.1

Cellular Component: actin filament; basal cortex; cytosol; mitochondrion; nucleoplasm; secretory granule

Molecular Function: ADP binding; ATP binding; fructokinase activity; glucokinase activity; glucose binding; magnesium ion binding; mannokinase activity; protein binding; protein phosphatase binding

Biological Process: carbohydrate metabolic process; carbohydrate phosphorylation; cell glucose homeostasis; cellular response to glucose starvation; cellular response to insulin stimulus; detection of glucose; elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; endocrine pancreas development; fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process; glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process; glucose homeostasis; glucose metabolic process; glucose transport; glycogen biosynthetic process; glycolysis; hexose transport; lipid homeostasis; NADP metabolic process; negative regulation of epinephrine secretion; negative regulation of gluconeogenesis; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of glycolysis; positive regulation of insulin secretion; regulation of glycolysis; regulation of insulin secretion; regulation of potassium ion transport; second-messenger-mediated signaling; transmembrane transport

Disease: Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin-dependent; Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal; Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia, Familial, 3; Maturity-onset Diabetes Of The Young, Type 2