P44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (MAPK1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

ERK2: a serine/threonine kinase of the GMGC group that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) play central roles in MAPK cascades and are activated by a wide variety of extracellular signals including growth and neurotrophic factors, cytokines, hormones and neurotransmitters. Depending on the cellular context, MAPK cascades mediate diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. MAPK cascades also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. Activation of MAP kinases occurs through phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues at the sequence T*EY* by upstream MAP kinase kinases, MEK1 and -2. Phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine are required for activity. This phosphorylation causes dramatic conformational changes, which enable full activation and interaction of MAPK1/ERK2 with its substrates.

Protein type: Kinase, protein; EC 2.7.11.24; Protein kinase, CMGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); CMGC group; MAPK family; MAPK/ERK subfamily; ERK subfamily

Cellular Component: dendrite cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus; focal adhesion; protein complex; mitochondrion; early endosome; perikaryon; caveola; pseudopodium; cytosol; nucleoplasm; microtubule cytoskeleton; cytoskeleton; axon; cytoplasm; late endosome; microtubule organizing center; nucleus

Molecular Function: RNA polymerase subunit kinase activity; MAP kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein binding; phosphotyrosine binding; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding; kinase activity; transcription factor binding; protein kinase binding; ATP binding; protein kinase activity; phosphatase binding

Biological Process: positive regulation of translation; apoptosis; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; response to toxin; regulation of protein stability; response to lipopolysaccharide; sensory perception of pain; signal transduction; T cell receptor signaling pathway; protein amino acid phosphorylation; B cell receptor signaling pathway; response to exogenous dsRNA; positive regulation of cell proliferation; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; MAPKKK cascade; mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; negative regulation of cell differentiation; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; organ morphogenesis; nuclear translocation of MAPK; cytosine metabolic process; response to estrogen stimulus; response to DNA damage stimulus; regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; positive regulation of cell migration