Je (MCP-1) Active Protein

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on chromosome 11. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and memory T cells but not for neutrophils. The human ortholog has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

CCL13: Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. Signals through CCR2B and CCR3 receptors. Plays a role in the accumulation of leukocytes at both sides of allergic and non-allergic inflammation. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis. May play a role in the monocyte attraction in tissues chronically exposed to exogenous pathogens. By IL1/interleukin-1 and TNF. Widely expressed. Found in small intestine, thymus, colon, lung, trachea, stomach and lymph node. Low levels seen in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted; Chemokine; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis

Cellular Component: extracellular space; rough endoplasmic reticulum; cell soma; endocytic vesicle; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; dendrite; cytoplasm; extracellular region; perikaryon; synapse; nerve terminal

Molecular Function: heparin binding; protein binding; G-protein-coupled receptor binding; chemokine activity; CCR2 chemokine receptor binding; cytokine activity

Biological Process: positive regulation of cell adhesion; positive regulation of leukocyte migration; positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; chemotaxis; positive regulation of synaptic transmission; positive regulation of cellular extravasation; regulation of cell shape; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; response to wounding; positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion; angiogenesis; inflammatory response; lymphocyte chemotaxis; neutrophil chemotaxis; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; glial cell migration; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; macrophage chemotaxis; leukocyte migration during inflammatory response; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; negative regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity; response to heat; eosinophil chemotaxis; positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; immune response; positive regulation of T cell activation; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process