Thioredoxin (TXN) Human Recombinant Active Protein

The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homodimer and is involved in many redox reactions. The encoded protein is active in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteines in certain proteins, which is part of the response to intracellular nitric oxide. This protein is found in the cytoplasm. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

TXN: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with TXNIP through the redox-active site. Interacts with MAP3K5 and CASP3. In case of infection, interacts with S.typhimurium protein slrP. Interacts with APEX1; the interaction stimulates the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA- binding activity in a redox-dependent manner. Up-regulated by ionizing radiation. Belongs to the thioredoxin family.

Protein type: Nuclear receptor co-regulator

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9q31

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; mitochondrion; cytoplasm; nucleus; cytosol

Molecular Function: protein binding; protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity; peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Biological Process: negative regulation of protein export from nucleus; transcription, DNA-dependent; nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process; nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion; activation of protein kinase B; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; signal transduction; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; glycerol ether metabolic process; cell proliferation; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; response to radiation; response to reactive oxygen species; cell-cell signaling; cell redox homeostasis; regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation; innate immune response; cell motility; positive regulation of DNA binding