Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TXNRD1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes an ubiquitously expressed, cytosolic form of TrxR, which functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing, primarily at the 5' end, results in transcript variants encoding same or different isoforms, including a glutaredoxin-containing isoform that is predominantly expressed in testis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

TRXR1: a cytoplasmic pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein reduces thioredoxins as well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. The functional enzyme is thought to be a homodimer which uses FAD as a cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine residue which is required for the catalytic activity.

Protein type: EC 1.8.1.9; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Nucleotide Metabolism - pyrimidine; Oxidoreductase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12q23.3

Cellular Component: cytosol; fibrillar center; mitochondrion; nucleoplasm

Molecular Function: protein binding; thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity

Biological Process: cell redox homeostasis; nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion; regulation of lipid metabolic process; response to oxygen radical; selenium metabolic process