ACTH Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes a preproprotein that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the preproprotein and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and lipotropin beta are the major end products. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. The antimicrobial melanotropin alpha peptide exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

POMC: ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. Defects in POMC may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY). It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat. Defects in POMC are the cause of pro-opiomelanocortinin deficiency (POMCD). Affected individuals present early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair. Belongs to the POMC family.

Protein type: Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2p23.3

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; extracellular region; extracellular space; secretory granule

Molecular Function: G-protein-coupled receptor binding; hormone activity; neuropeptide hormone activity; receptor binding; type 3 melanocortin receptor binding; type 4 melanocortin receptor binding

Biological Process: cell-cell signaling; cellular pigmentation; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; neuropeptide signaling pathway; peptide hormone processing; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; regulation of appetite; regulation of blood pressure; signal transduction

Disease: Obesity; Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency