Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) ELISA Kit for Mouse

This gene encodes a member of the nucleoside pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and phosphodiester bonds in nucleotide triphosphates and oligonucleotides, respectively, to generate nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that negatively regulates bone mineralization. Mice harboring a nonsense mutation in this gene, termed tiptoe walking (ttw), exhibit ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. The encoded protein binds to the insulin receptor, inhibits downstream signaling events and induces insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. This gene is located adjacent to a paralog on chromosome 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

ENPP1: Involved primarily in ATP hydrolysis at the plasma membrane. Plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. In vitro, has a broad specificity, hydrolyzing other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3',5'-cAMP to AMP. May also be involved in the regulation of the availability of nucleotide sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and the regulation of purinergic signaling. Appears to modulate insulin sensitivity. Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with INSR. Expressed in plasma cells and also in a number of non-lymphoid tissues, including the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, chondrocytes and epididymis. At low concentrations of ATP, a phosphorylated intermediate is formed which inhibits further hydrolysis. Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family.

Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - starch and sucrose; Cofactor and Vitamin Metabolism - nicotinate and nicotinamide; EC 3.6.1.9; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Phosphatase (non-protein); Membrane protein, integral; Nucleotide Metabolism - purine; Cofactor and Vitamin Metabolism - riboflavin; EC 3.1.4.1; Cofactor and Vitamin Metabolism - pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; Phosphodiesterase

Cellular Component: extracellular space; cell surface; membrane; integral to plasma membrane; lysosomal membrane; integral to membrane; extracellular region; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: nucleotide diphosphatase activity; phosphodiesterase I activity; protein homodimerization activity; hydrolase activity; zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; calcium ion binding; nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase activity; insulin receptor binding; polysaccharide binding; nucleic acid binding; catalytic activity; ATP binding; scavenger receptor activity

Biological Process: generation of precursor metabolites and energy; sequestering of triacylglycerol; metabolic process; nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process; negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; bone remodeling; phosphate metabolic process; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process; negative regulation of glucose import; cellular phosphate ion homeostasis; cellular response to insulin stimulus; biomineral formation; negative regulation of ossification; negative regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation; immune response; negative regulation of cell growth; inorganic diphosphate transport; negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process