Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) ELISA Kit for Human

The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

ENPP2: Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility- related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: EC 3.1.4.39; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Secreted, signal peptide; Lipid Metabolism - ether lipid; Secreted; Phosphodiesterase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 8q24.1

Cellular Component: extracellular space; integral to plasma membrane; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: nucleotide diphosphatase activity; phosphodiesterase I activity; nucleic acid binding; hydrolase activity; zinc ion binding; calcium ion binding; transcription factor binding; alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity; scavenger receptor activity; polysaccharide binding; lysophospholipase activity

Biological Process: G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; receptor-mediated endocytosis; phospholipid catabolic process; immune response; cell motility; chemotaxis; regulation of angiogenesis; phosphate metabolic process; regulation of cell migration