Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Human Recombinant Protein

This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PPAR-gamma: a transcription factor, member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Receptor for hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Preferentially expressed in adipocytes as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophage. Regulator of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, modulates insulin sensitivity, cell proliferation and inflammation. Phosphorylated and inhibited by MAP kinase. Heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor. Interacts with NCOA6 coactivator, leading to a strong increase in transcription of target genes. Two splice-variant isoforms have been described.

Protein type: DNA-binding; Nuclear receptor

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3p25

Cellular Component: cytosol; Golgi apparatus; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; nucleoplasm; nucleus; perinuclear region of cytoplasm

Molecular Function: alpha-actinin binding; arachidonic acid binding; chromatin binding; DNA binding; drug binding; enzyme binding; estrogen receptor binding; identical protein binding; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity; prostaglandin receptor activity; protein binding; protein phosphatase binding; retinoid X receptor binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; steroid hormone receptor activity; transcription activator binding; transcription factor activity; zinc ion binding

Biological Process: brown fat cell differentiation; caspase activation; cell fate commitment; cell maturation; cellular response to insulin stimulus; diet induced thermogenesis; epithelial cell differentiation; fatty acid oxidation; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; gene expression; glucose homeostasis; heart development; innate immune response; lipid homeostasis; lipid metabolic process; lipoprotein transport; long-chain fatty acid transport; low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process; monocyte differentiation; negative regulation of acute inflammatory response; negative regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; negative regulation of telomerase activity; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; organ regeneration; placenta development; positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation; positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; regulation of blood pressure; regulation of circadian rhythm; response to caffeine; response to cold; response to estrogen stimulus; response to lipid; response to low density lipoprotein stimulus; response to mechanical stimulus; response to nutrient; response to retinoic acid; response to starvation; response to vitamin A; rhythmic process; signal transduction; steroid hormone mediated signaling; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; white fat cell differentiation

Disease: Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin-dependent; Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial, Type 3; Obesity