Poliovirus Receptor (PVR) Human Recombinant Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1. The gene is specific to the primate lineage, and serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

PVR: Mediates NK cell adhesion and triggers NK cell effector functions. Binds two different NK cell receptors: CD96 and CD226. These interactions accumulates at the cell-cell contact site, leading to the formation of a mature immunological synapse between NK cell and target cell. This may trigger adhesion and secretion of lytic granules and IFN-gamma and activate cytoxicity of activated NK cells. May also promote NK cell-target cell modular exchange, and PVR transfer to the NK cell. This transfer is more important in some tumor cells expressing a lot of PVR, and may trigger fratricide NK cell activation, providing tumors with a mechanism of immunoevasion. Plays a role in mediating tumor cell invasion and migration. Serves as a receptor for poliovirus attachment to target cells. May play a role in axonal transport of poliovirus, by targeting virion-PVR-containing endocytic vesicles to the microtubular network through interaction with DYNLT1. This interaction would drive the virus-containing vesicle to the axonal retrograde transport. Belongs to the nectin family. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Membrane protein, integral; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Receptor, misc.; Immunoglobulin superfamily

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19q13.2

Cellular Component: extracellular space; focal adhesion; cell surface; cytoplasm; integral to membrane; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: viral receptor activity; protein binding; receptor activity; cell adhesion molecule binding

Biological Process: intercellular junction assembly and maintenance; cell migration; regulation of immune response; cell-cell adhesion; entry of virus into host cell; positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target; response to virus; susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity