HMGCR: the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis. Regulated via a negative feedback mechanism mediated by sterols and non-sterol metabolites derived from mevalonate, the product of the reaction catalyzed by this reductase. Normally in mammalian cells this enzyme is suppressed by cholesterol derived from the internalization and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) via the LDL receptor. Competitive inhibitors of the reductase induce the expression of LDL receptors in the liver, which in turn increases the catabolism of plasma LDL and lowers the plasma concentration of cholesterol, an important determinant of atherosclerosis.
Protein type: Membrane protein, multi-pass; Endoplasmic reticulum; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Secondary Metabolites Metabolism - terpenoid backbone biosynthesis; Membrane protein, integral; EC 1.1.1.34; Oxidoreductase
Cellular Component: peroxisomal membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; membrane; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; endoplasmic reticulum; integral to membrane
Molecular Function: protein homodimerization activity; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity; protein phosphatase 2A binding; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity; oxidoreductase activity; NADP binding; coenzyme binding; oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Biological Process: steroid metabolic process; cholesterol metabolic process; negative regulation of MAP kinase activity; isoprenoid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of skeletal muscle development; cholesterol biosynthetic process; positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; coenzyme A metabolic process; embryonic development; ubiquinone metabolic process; negative regulation of vasodilation; sterol biosynthetic process; positive regulation of cell proliferation; visual learning; lipid metabolic process; steroid biosynthetic process; protein tetramerization; negative regulation of apoptosis
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