Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Human Recombinant Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, this protein is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PCNA: This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'- 5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic- apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Homotrimer. Forms a complex with activator 1 heteropentamer in the presence of ATP. Interacts with EXO1, POLH, POLK, DNMT1, ERCC5, FEN1, CDC6 and POLDIP2. Interacts with APEX2; this interaction is triggered by reactive oxygen species and increased by misincorporation of uracil in nuclear DNA. Forms a ternary complex with DNTTIP2 and core histone. Interacts with KCTD10 and PPP1R15A. Interacts with POLD1, POLD3 and POLD4. Interacts with BAZ1B; the interaction is direct. Interacts with HLTF and SHPRH. Interacts with NUDT15. Interaction is disrupted in response to UV irradiation and acetylation. Interacts with p21Cip1/p21(CIP1) and CDT1; interacts via their PIP-box which also recruits the DCX(DTL) complex. Interacts with DDX11. Interacts with EGFR; positively regulates PCNA. Interacts with C12orf48/PARI. Interacts with SMARCAD1. Belongs to the PCNA family.

Protein type: DNA replication; Cell cycle regulation

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 20pter-p12

Cellular Component: centrosome; cytoplasm; DNA replication factor C complex; nuclear chromosome, telomeric region; nuclear replication fork; nucleoplasm; nucleus; PCNA complex

Molecular Function: chromatin binding; damaged DNA binding; dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding; DNA polymerase processivity factor activity; enzyme binding; estrogen receptor binding; histone acetyltransferase binding; identical protein binding; MutLalpha complex binding; protein binding; purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity; receptor tyrosine kinase binding

Biological Process: base-excision repair; bypass DNA synthesis; cell proliferation; cellular protein metabolic process; DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage; DNA repair; DNA strand elongation during DNA replication; epithelial cell differentiation; error-prone postreplication DNA repair; G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; G1/S-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle; heart development; leading strand elongation; mismatch repair; mitotic cell cycle; nucleotide-excision repair; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision; positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity; positive regulation of DNA repair; positive regulation of DNA replication; post-translational protein modification; protein sumoylation; replication fork processing; response to cadmium ion; response to lipid; telomere maintenance; telomere maintenance via recombination; telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication; transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair

Disease: Ataxia-telangiectasia-like Disorder 2