BMP9 ELISA Kits

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors. Belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily. It is a secreted ligand which bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. Mature BMPs are 30-38 kDa proteins that assume a TGF-beta -like cysteine knot configuration. Nomenclature wise 13 BMPs are recognized and BMP1 is a metalloprotease whereas others belong to TGFbeta family.

It stimulates the production of specific bone matrix proteins and alter stromal cell and osteoclast proliferation. Important in embryogenesis and development, embryonic patterning and early skeletal formation. BMP4 and its inhibitors noggin and chordin help regulate polarity of the embryo (i.e. back to front patterning). It controls the early formation of the Mullerian duct (MD) which is a tubular structure in early embryonic developmental stage and eventually becomes female reproductive tracts. Involved in adipogenesis and functional regulation of adipose tissue. Plays a role in cellular functions in postnatal and adult animals. Plays critical roles in heart, neural and cartilage development. Important in postnatal bone formation. BMP activities are regulated at different molecular levels. BMP-2 can be utilized in various therapeutic interventions such as bone defects, non-union fractures, spinal fusion, osteoporosis and root canal surgery. Important factor for development of the viscera, with roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Recombinant BMP-2 and BMP-7 are currently approved for human use. BMP-7 has also recently found use in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD).