CYR61 ELISA Kits

Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the CYR61 gene. Full-length CYR61 protein contains 381 amino acids with an N-terminal secretory signal peptide followed by four structurally distinct domains. It is secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling protein of the CCN family (CCN intercellular signaling protein). During embryonic development, it is critical for cardiac septal morphogenesis, blood vessel formation in placenta, and vascular integrity. In adulthood CYR61 plays important roles in inflammation and tissue repair, and is associated with diseases related to chronic inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, artherosclerosis, diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy. Highly expressed at sites of inflammation and wound repair.

Capable of regulating a broad range of cellular activities, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence through interaction with cell surface integrin receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. As a cell adhesive substrate, CYR61 induces the activation of focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, RAC, and sustained activation of MAPK/ERK1-2. In macrophages. activates the transcription factor NF_B and stimulates M1 polarization. Has potent angiogenic activity upon endothelial cells and induces neovascularization, strong inducer of reactive oxygen species accumulation in fibroblastic cells. Support cell adhesion, stimulate cell migration, promote growth factor-induced cell proliferation and differentiation in some cell types, promote apoptosis in synergy with TNF family cytokines, and induce cellular senescence in fibroblasts. Associated with diseases involving chronic inflammation and tissue injury. promotes the apoptotic functions of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF_, FasL, and TRAIL. Also found in articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis. Overexpressed in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerotic lesions and in the neointima of restenosis after balloon angioplasty.