CYSLTR ELISA Kits

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are a group of highly active lipid mediators, synthetized from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway. It plays a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions. In healthy brain, the expression of the CysLTRs is weak. The cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLTRs) include Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1), and Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLTR2). The recently elucidated CysLTE, represented by GPR99/OXGR1, may constitute a third CysLTR. CysLTR-1 expression is normally lower than the CysLTR-2 and is localized in microvascular endothelial cells, in glial cells, and in several types of neuronal cells. In human brain, the CysLTR-2 is expressed in many regions, such as hypothalamus, thalamus, putamen, pituitary, and medulla by vascular smooth muscle cells and by astrocytes.

Major role of CysLTR-1 in regulating astrocyte activation, astrocytosis and in glial scar formation. It is a G proteinÐcoupled receptor that links to and when bound to its CysLT ligands activates the Gq alpha subunit and/or Ga subunit of its coupled G protein, depending on the cell type. The CysLTR1 gene product variant, 300G/S where amino acid glycine replaces serine at the 300 position exhibited significant increased sensitivity to LTD4 and LTC4. CysLTR1 activation by LTC4 and/or LTD4 in animal models and humans is associates airway bronchoconstriction and hyper-responsiveness to bronchoconstriction agents such as histamine; increased vascular permeability, edema, influx of eosinophils and neutrophils, smooth muscle proliferation, collagen deposition, and fibrosis in various tissue sites. Mucin secretion by goblet cells, goblet cell metaplasia, and epithelial cell hypertrophy in the membranes of the respiratory system.