Interleukin 10 (IL10) Active Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

IL10: Inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T-cells. Belongs to the IL-10 family.

Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Secreted; Cytokine; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q31-q32

Cellular Component: extracellular space

Molecular Function: growth factor activity; cytokine activity; interleukin-10 receptor binding

Biological Process: B cell proliferation; negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; regulation of isotype switching; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; leukocyte chemotaxis; response to glucocorticoid stimulus; positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade; negative regulation of B cell proliferation; negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis; response to insulin stimulus; negative regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process; cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB; negative regulation of T cell proliferation; cell-cell signaling; negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; response to molecule of bacterial origin; negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process; hemopoiesis; inflammatory response; aging; response to drug; response to inactivity; negative regulation of interleukin-12 production; T-helper 2 type immune response; positive regulation of B cell apoptosis; negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation; negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; negative regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response; regulation of gene expression; B cell differentiation; defense response to bacterium; negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; regulation of sensory perception of pain; receptor biosynthetic process; response to activity; negative regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of cytokine secretion

Disease: Graft-versus-host Disease, Susceptibility To; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Susceptibility To