This is one of the common forms of cancer that could begin in the epithelial tissue of the skin or that covers and line various organs of the body. The carcinomas develop when the DNA of a cell is damaged and as the result, the cellular growth increases resulting in the malignant tumor. The carcinoma in situ is the early form of cancer that remains confined to the area it initially develops, the invasive carcinomas refers to cancer that has spread to the surrounding tissue and metastatic carcinoma means cancer has spread throughout the body affecting various organs. The carcinoma can develop into various forms based on the types of epithelial cells it affects.
Some of the types of Carcinoma;
Basal Cell carcinoma
The carcinoma develops in the lower part of the skin, the basal cell layer. It mostly affects the part of the skin in areas that are exposed to the sunlight such as the head and neck. The initial signs of basal cell carcinoma may be the abnormal skin growth or soreness that doesn’t get better. When it develops in the chest, it may appear as flesh-lesions that can bleed or ooze becoming crusty as cancer progresses.
Squamous cell carcinoma
This is the second common type of skin cancer and develops in the outermost part of the skin known as the epidermis. This is a slow growing skin cancer and usually occurs in the areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun such as the head, neck, ears and can also develop in other body parts such as the genital area. The signs of this may be the firm lump or have the appearance of a reddish scaly patch.
Renal cell carcinoma
The renal cell carcinoma can be treated when diagnosed early with the surgical removal of the kidney. The renal cell carcinoma may usually be found during a routine examination for other abnormalities in urine tests and other imaging tests. Some of the common symptoms associated with the renal cell carcinoma include the weight loss, fever, anemia, fatigue, back pain, blood in the urine and protein or the presence of excess calcium in the urine.
Ductal carcinoma
This is one of the common forms of breast cancer that develop in the milk ducts. The ductal carcinoma in situ is the cancerous cells that remain confined to the milk ducts and the invasive ductal carcinoma refers to the cancerous cells that have invaded the surrounding breast tissue. If left untreated, the invasive form of this cancer can spread to other parts of the body. Some of the common symptoms associated with breast cancer include the swelling or redness in the breast, nipple discharge, pain, presence of lumps in the breast and abnormal appearance of the nipples.
Adenocarcinoma
This cancer develops in the mucus-secreting glands of the body and can affect different area but most commonly occurs as the lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer. Although some patients may not be able to notice any symptoms or signs of adenocarcinoma, the symptoms generally vary based on the part of the body that is affected and if the tumor has spread to other organs (metastasized).
Treatment
The treatment is usually based on the part of the body affected, type and the stage of the disease. Depending on this, the treatment can consist of surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, radiation therapy that may be combined with surgery and chemotherapy that uses medications to destroy the cancer cells.
References
http://www.cancercenter.com/terms/adenocarcinoma/
http://www.cancercenter.com/terms/carcinoma/
https://www.floridahospital.com/adenocarcinoma/symptoms-and-signs