The reproductive system of the male consists of the penis, scrotum and the testes which can develop various disorders. Some of the diseases that can affect the males include cancer of the penis, cancer of the testis, balanitis, abnormal puberty, enlarged prostrate gland and epididymal cysts. The sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis, herpes and gonorrhea can also affect the male genitals.
Balanitis
This is the inflammation of the head of the penis and is relatively a common condition that affects the men. The symptoms of balanitis include an unpleasant odor, pain with urinating, swelling and soreness around the head of the penis, discharge and itchiness. Some of the causes of balanitis include contact with an irritant material, bacterial infection, sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis, other skin conditions such as atopic eczema and thrush. This is not a serious condition, although it can also be an indication of a sexually transmitted infection, hence it is important to seek medical help.
Prostatitis
Prostatitis is the inflammation of the prostate gland that produces semen and transports sperm. This commonly appears to affect men over the age of 50 and based on the cause, the treatment varies. The symptoms of prostatitis include difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, painful ejaculation, the discomfort of the penis or the testicles, frequent need to urinate and pain in the abdomen. Prostatitis is often caused as the result of bacterial infection when the microbes from the urine leak into the prostrate. It can also be caused by the nerve damage of the lower urinary tract by trauma or surgery. In several of the cases, the cause is not identified. The treatment may include antibiotics for bacterial infection, medications to relax the muscle fibers and anti-inflammatory agents.
Epididymal cysts
This is the swelling that occurs in the coiled tube known as the epididymis which is present within the scrotum. The epididymal cysts are the fluid-filled sacs that occur in the epididymis and are relatively common among the men over the age of 40. In several cases, the multiple cysts have also been felt on top of and behind the testicles. The cysts are generally harmless and do not require treatment which may only be initiated when they cause discomfort.
Penile cancer
This is cancer that develops in the penis, although not all abnormal growth is an indication of cancer. There are different types of penile cancer that can develop in several cellular types of the penis. This can determine the severity of cancer and the treatment required. Some of the symptoms of penile cancer include the change in the skin of the penis that can consist of crusty bumps, smelly discharge, reddish rash, a lump on the penis and change in the color of the skin. In addition, the swelling at the end of the penis can also occur and the presence of lumps under the skin in the groin area. The main types of treatment for penile cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and local therapy.
References
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/diagnosis-treatment/treatment/txc-20271429
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/balanitis/Pages/Introduction.aspx
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/penile-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging.html