Folate deficiency occurs when the body does not have sufficient amount of folate (vitamin B9) which can result in the body producing red blood cells that cannot function effectively. This deficiency can cause anemia which occurs when there is reduced amount of red blood cells which are essential for the delivery of oxygen throughout the body. This condition appears to be more prevalent among pregnant women from low-resource countries. Folic acid deficiency can cause various birth defects, mental confusion and megaloblastic anemia.
Causes
Folic acid deficiency commonly occurs as the result of insufficient dietary intake or can occur from various conditions such as crohn’s disease that affects the folic absorption by the body. Folic acid works together with other vitamins to produce and metabolize various proteins. It is also important for the production of red blood cells, white blood cells and the DNA. The folic acid is not naturally stored in the body and any excess is removed through the urine. Hence, it is important to continue to consume folate that is naturally available as green leafy vegetables.
Symptoms
Folic acid is important for the various essential functions of the body. Hence, the deficiency can result in various health problems such as mouth ulcers, depression and problems with growth. Some of the signs of anemia include weakness, lethargy, irritability, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of this deficiency is based on the symptoms and various tests. The reduced level of serum folate can assist with the diagnosis as the normal range is 2.5 to 20 ng/ml. In addition, other tests include serum methylmalonic acid, red blood cell folate level and serum homocysteine. The blood tests can identify the deficiency that checks the level of vitamin B12 and folate in the blood if the red blood cells are abnormally large and the level of hemoglobin. Once the blood test confirms the deficiency, additions tests may be required to identify the cause in order to determine the appropriate treatment plan. In addition, the affected individual may be referred to a specialist to determine the course of treatment and whether additional tests are required. This can include a haematologist who treats blood-related abnormalities, a dietician and a gastroenterologist.
Treatment
The treatment of folate deficiency includes taking folic acid every day to increase the level in the body. This can also be included in a diet in the form of brown rice, brussels sprouts, asparagus, chickpeas and peas. In most of the cases, the folic acid supplement may be required for duration of four months or longer if the underlying problem continues. Individuals may be required to have further blood tests to ensure the treatment is working.
References
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Anaemia-vitamin-B12-and-folate-deficiency/Pages/Treatment.aspx
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000354.htm
http://www.kidsnewtocanada.ca/conditions/folic-acid
