This is one of the most common forms of an aggressive brain tumor. Although most of the glioblastoma develops in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, it can also occur in other parts such as the brainstem and the spinal cord. As this type of cancer can grow quickly, it can become aggressive spreading throughout the brain. Glioblastoma also can develop in the supportive tissue of the brain and are highly malignant (cancerous). There are two types of glioblastoma; the primary which is the common aggressive form and the secondary type which is a slower growth although it can also be very aggressive.
Causes
Most of the cause of cancer is not known. Cancer can also develop as the result of genetic mutation. Normally, the genes are responsible for the proliferation and the growth of the cells within the body. The genetic mutation can cause problem with this process and as the result, the cells can grow uncontrollably and develop as tumor. Some of the risk factors associated with developing this cancer include having genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, being over the age of 50 and belonging to certain ethnicity such as being an Asian.
Symptoms
The symptoms are based on the location of the tumor in the brain. Commonly, the symptoms associated with glioblastoma develop as the result of increased pressure in the brain. This includes headaches, vomiting, drowsiness and nausea. Also, other symptoms can develop depending on the location of the cancer and this can include problems with memory, speech, vision and weakness on one side of the body. In addition, the affected individual can also develop seizures, loss of appetite, blurred vision, muscle weakness and changes in their ability to think.
Diagnosis
The imaging tests of the brain are required to diagnose the cancer including the magnetic resonance spectroscopy, computed tomography and positron emission tomography. In addition, other diagnostic measures include the electroencephalography and lumbar puncture. The staging of this cancer is not possible as the tumors don’t have defined margins.
Treatment
The treatment can be difficult as the tumors contain various types of cells and some may respond well to the therapies while others don’t. Hence, the treatment plan for glioblastoma may consist of several approaches. The initial treatment course is to relieve the pressure on the brain and to remove as much of the tumor as possible with surgery. This can be difficult particularly if they are located in the parts of the brain that control important functions such as language. After the surgery, the chemoradiation therapy may be required to target the cells that cannot be surgically removed. The chemoradiation is a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
References
https://www.braintumour.ca/4869/glioblastoma-multiforme
http://www.cancercenter.com/brain-cancer/types/tab/glioblastoma-multiforme/
