S100b ELISA Kits

S100 proteins are 10–12 kDa in size and form homo- and heterodimers. S100B is a calcium-binding peptide and is used as a parameter of glial activation deactivation in many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). It plays important roles in normal CNS development and recovery after injury. Although S100B is mainly found in astroglial and Schwann cells, it also has extra cerebral sources where S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. The S100 protein family is the largest subgroup of the calcium-binding protein group. Calcium is an intracellular second messenger that has several regulatory roles in many functional events and processes like conduction and transmission of the nerve impulse, muscle contraction, cell motility, growth and differentiation, gene expression, apoptosis, and necrosis. As a result of cellular evolution, calcium-binding proteins are formed to regulate the level of cytosolic calcium and transduce calcium signals.

Very high levels of S100B protein, in the astroglia, have been found in patients who died while elevated levels have been found in unconscious patients and normal levels have been found in those without loss of consciousness. S100 proteins have received increasing attention because of their use in the diagnosis of several human diseases and as predictive markers of improving clinical management, outcome, and survival of patients. S100B is a useful neurobiochemical marker of brain damage such as in circulatory arrest, stroke and traumatic brain injury.