AKT1 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes the founding member of the Akt serine-threonine protein kinase gene family that also includes Akt2 and Akt3. This kinase is a major downstream effector of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway that mediates the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). It is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by PI3K lipid products and by phosphorylation by 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1. It then further phosphorylates different downstream proteins in response to various extracellular signals and thus plays a pivotal role in mediating a variety of cellular processes, such as glucose metabolism, glycogen biosynthesis, protein synthesis and turn over, inflammatory response, cell survival (anti-apoptosis) and development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

Akt1: an oncogenic AGC kinase that plays a critical role in regulating cell survival and metabolism in many different signaling pathways. Dual phosphorylation is required for its activation. T308 is phosphorylated by PDK1 in the PI3 kinase pathway, and S473 is phosphorylated by mTOR in the mTORC2 pathway. The 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of AKT1 by TRAF6 is important for its translocation to the plasma membrane, phosphorylation, and activation. When Akt is fully phosphorylated it translocates into the nucleus, undergoes 'Lys-48'-polyubiquitination catalyzed by TTC3, leading to its proteosomal degradation. Hyperactive or overexpressed in a number of cancers including breast, prostate, lung, pancreatic, liver, ovarian and colorectal. Over 160 protein substrates are known including many that regulate transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, and growth.

Protein type: AGC group; AKT family; EC 2.7.11.1; Kinase, protein; Oncoprotein; Protein kinase, AGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor)

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12 F1|12 61.2 cM

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; intercellular junction; microtubule cytoskeleton; mitochondrion; nucleus; plasma membrane; protein complex; spindle; vesicle

Molecular Function: ATP binding; enzyme binding; GTPase activating protein binding; kinase activity; nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate binding; phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein kinase binding; protein kinase C binding; protein phosphatase 2A binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity

Biological Process: activated T cell apoptosis; aging; anagen; apoptotic mitochondrial changes; cell projection organization and biogenesis; cellular response to insulin stimulus; cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; G1/S-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; germ cell development; glucose homeostasis; glucose metabolic process; glucose transport; glycogen biosynthetic process; glycogen metabolic process; inflammatory response; insulin receptor signaling pathway; insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; maternal placenta development; myelin maintenance in the peripheral nervous system; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of autophagy; negative regulation of caspase activity; negative regulation of cell size; negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation; negative regulation of JNK cascade; negative regulation of protein kinase activity; negative regulation of proteolysis; osteoblast differentiation; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; phosphorylation; positive regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity; positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; positive regulation of glucose import; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; positive regulation of organ growth; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of vasoconstriction; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein catabolic process; protein import into nucleus, translocation; protein kinase B signaling cascade; protein ubiquitination; regulation of cell migration; regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; regulation of myelination; regulation of protein localization; response to DNA damage stimulus; response to food; response to hormone stimulus; response to organic substance; signal transduction; spinal cord development; striated muscle cell differentiation; translation