H2A Histone Family, Member Y (H2AFY) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a replication-independent histone that is a member of the histone H2A family. It replaces conventional H2A histones in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription and participates in stable X chromosome inactivation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

H2AFY: Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Involved in stable X chromosome inactivation. Inhibits the binding of transcription factors and interferes with the activity of remodeling SWI/SNF complexes. Inhibits histone acetylation by EP300 and recruits class I HDACs, which induces an hypoacetylated state of chromatin. In addition, isoform 1, but not isoform 2, binds ADP-ribose and O-acetyl-ADP- ribose, and may be involved in ADP-ribose-mediated chromatin modulation. The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. Interacts with SPOP. Part of a complex consisting of H2AFY, CUL3 and SPOP. Interacts with HDAC1 and HDAC2. Ubiquitous. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: DNA-binding

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 5q31.1

Cellular Component: Barr body; centric heterochromatin; condensed chromosome; ESC/E(Z) complex; extracellular exosome; nuclear chromatin; nuclear chromosome; nuclear chromosome, telomeric region; nucleolus; nucleosome; nucleus; sex chromatin

Molecular Function: chromatin DNA binding; DNA binding; double-stranded methylated DNA binding; enzyme binding; nucleosomal DNA binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein kinase binding; protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity; rDNA binding; transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Biological Process: chromatin silencing; covalent chromatin modification; dosage compensation; establishment of protein localization to chromatin; negative regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition; negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; negative regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; negative regulation of histone phosphorylation; negative regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region; negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; nucleosome assembly; positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation; positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion; regulation of cell growth; regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; regulation of lipid metabolic process