CEM15 Antibody – Goat Polyclonal

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. The protein encoded by this gene has been found to be a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectivity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

APOBEC3G: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) that mediates a form of innate resistance to retroviral infections (at least to HIV-1 infection) by triggering G-to-A hypermutation in the newly synthesized viral DNA. The replacements C-to-U in the minus strand DNA of HIV-1 during reverse transcription, leads to G-to-A transitions in the plus strand. The inhibition of viral replication is either due to the degradation of the minus strand before its integration or to the lethality of the hypermutations. Modification of both DNA strands is not excluded. This antiviral activity is neutralized by the virion infectivity factor (VIF), that prevents the incorporation of APOBEC3G into progeny HIV-1 virions by both inhibiting its translation and/or by inducing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. May also prevent the transposition of a subset of retroelements. Binds a variety of RNAs, but does not display detectable APOB, NF1 and NAT1 mRNA editing. Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: RNA processing; RNA-binding; Hydrolase; EC 3.5.4.-

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 22q13.1-q13.2

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex; cytosol; ribonucleoprotein complex

Molecular Function: protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; zinc ion binding; deoxycytidine deaminase activity; RNA binding; cytidine deaminase activity

Biological Process: negative regulation of retroviral genome replication; base conversion or substitution editing; negative regulation of viral genome replication; viral reproduction; innate immune response; cytidine deamination; positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; defense response to virus; negative regulation of viral reproduction