HK2 Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes hexokinase 2, the predominant form found in skeletal muscle. It localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Expression of this gene is insulin-responsive, and studies in rat suggest that it is involved in the increased rate of glycolysis seen in rapidly growing cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

HK2: a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reaction ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate. The first and rate-limiting step in glycosis, a pathway that produces energy in the form of ATP from glucose. An allosteric enzyme inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P). The predominant hexokinase isozyme expressed in insulin-responsive tissues such as skeletal muscle. Acts as a ""glucose sensor"" by trapping glucose inside the cell by catalyzing its phosphorylation to produce Glc-6-P. In vertebrates there are four major glucose-phosphorylating isoenzymes, designated hexokinase I, II, III and IV (glucokinase). Genetic variations of HK2 do not appear to contribute to NIDDM.

Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Kinase, other; Carbohydrate Metabolism - amino sugar and nucleotide sugar; Mitochondrial; EC 2.7.1.1; Carbohydrate Metabolism - fructose and mannose; Carbohydrate Metabolism - starch and sucrose; Carbohydrate Metabolism - galactose

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2p13

Cellular Component: mitochondrial outer membrane; membrane; cytosol

Molecular Function: hexokinase activity; mannokinase activity; fructokinase activity; glucokinase activity; ATP binding; glucose binding

Biological Process: lactation; glycolysis; glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process; glucose metabolic process; pathogenesis; glucose transport; apoptotic mitochondrial changes; hexose transport; carbohydrate metabolic process; carbohydrate phosphorylation; cell glucose homeostasis; regulation of glucose import; transmembrane transport