Dyskerin (DKC1) Antibody – Rabbit

This gene is a member of the H/ACA snoRNPs (small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins) gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been classified into two families: C/D and H/ACA. The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the NOLA1, 2 and 3 proteins. The protein encoded by this gene and the three NOLA proteins localize to the dense fibrillar components of nucleoli and to coiled (Cajal) bodies in the nucleus. Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. The protein encoded by this gene is related to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cbf5p and Drosophila melanogaster Nop60B proteins. The gene lies in a tail-to-tail orientation with the palmitoylated erythrocyte membrane protein gene and is transcribed in a telomere to centromere direction. Both nucleotide substitutions and single trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms have been found in this gene. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked dyskeratosis congenita, a disease resulting in reticulate skin pigmentation, mucosal leukoplakia, nail dystrophy, and progressive bone marrow failure in most cases. Mutations in this gene also cause Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, which is a more severe form of dyskeratosis congenita. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

dyskerin: Isoform 1: Required for ribosome biogenesis and telomere maintenance. Probable catalytic subunit of H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (H/ACA snoRNP) complex, which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Each rRNA can contain up to 100 pseudouridine ('psi') residues, which may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs. Also required for correct processing or intranuclear trafficking of TERC, the RNA component of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) holoenzyme. Defects in DKC1 are a cause of dyskeratosis congenita X- linked recessive (XDKC). XDKC is a rare, progressive bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by the triad of reticulated skin hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, and mucosal leukoplakia. Early mortality is often associated with bone marrow failure, infections, fatal pulmonary complications, or malignancy. Defects in DKC1 are the cause of Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS). HHS is a multisystem disorder affecting males and is characterized by aplastic anemia, immunodeficiency, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, and growth retardation. Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Isomerase; RNA processing; RNA-binding; Lyase; EC 5.4.99.-; Nucleolus

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: Xq28

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; Cajal body; cytoplasm; telomerase holoenzyme complex; nucleolus; nucleus

Molecular Function: telomerase activity; protein binding; RNA binding; pseudouridine synthase activity

Biological Process: RNA processing; cell proliferation; pseudouridine synthesis; telomere maintenance via telomerase; telomere maintenance; rRNA processing

Disease: Dyskeratosis Congenita, X-linked