PKB; PROTEIN kinase B; RAC Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the Proteus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

Akt1: an oncogenic AGC kinase that plays a critical role in regulating cell survival and metabolism in many different signaling pathways. Dual phosphorylation is required for its activation. T308 is phosphorylated by PDK1 in the PI3 kinase pathway, and S473 is phosphorylated by mTOR in the mTORC2 pathway. The 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of AKT1 by TRAF6 is important for its translocation to the plasma membrane, phosphorylation, and activation. When Akt is fully phosphorylated it translocates into the nucleus, undergoes 'Lys-48'-polyubiquitination catalyzed by TTC3, leading to its proteosomal degradation. Hyperactive or overexpressed in a number of cancers including breast, prostate, lung, pancreatic, liver, ovarian and colorectal. Over 160 protein substrates are known including many that regulate transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, and growth.

Protein type: Kinase, protein; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Protein kinase, AGC; Oncoprotein; EC 2.7.11.1; AGC group; AKT family

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 14q32.32

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; intercellular junction; microtubule cytoskeleton; mitochondrion; nucleoplasm; nucleus; plasma membrane; spindle; vesicle

Molecular Function: ATP binding; enzyme binding; GTPase activating protein binding; identical protein binding; kinase activity; nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate binding; phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein kinase C binding; protein phosphatase 2A binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity

Biological Process: activated T cell apoptosis; aging; apoptosis; apoptotic mitochondrial changes; blood coagulation; cell differentiation; cell projection organization and biogenesis; cell proliferation; cellular response to insulin stimulus; endocrine pancreas development; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G1/S-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; gene expression; germ cell development; glucose homeostasis; glucose metabolic process; glucose transport; glycogen biosynthetic process; hyaluronan metabolic process; inflammatory response; innate immune response; insulin receptor signaling pathway; insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; maternal placenta development; myelin maintenance in the peripheral nervous system; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of autophagy; negative regulation of caspase activity; negative regulation of cell size; negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation; negative regulation of JNK cascade; negative regulation of protein kinase activity; negative regulation of proteolysis; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; nitric oxide biosynthetic process; nitric oxide metabolic process; osteoblast differentiation; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; phosphoinositide-mediated signaling; phosphorylation; platelet activation; positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity; positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; positive regulation of glucose import; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of vasoconstriction; programmed cell death; protein amino acid autophosphorylation; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein catabolic process; protein import into nucleus, translocation; protein kinase B signaling cascade; protein modification process; protein ubiquitination; regulation of cell migration; regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; regulation of mRNA stability; regulation of myelination; regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; regulation of translation; response to DNA damage stimulus; response to food; response to heat; response to oxidative stress; signal transduction; spinal cord development; striated muscle cell differentiation; T cell costimulation; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; translation; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Disease: Breast Cancer; Cowden Syndrome 6; Ovarian Cancer; Proteus Syndrome; Schizophrenia