TORC2 Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

This gene encodes a member of the transducers of regulated cAMP response element-binding protein activity family of transcription coactivators. These proteins promote the transcription of genes targeted by the cAMP response element-binding protein, and therefore play an important role in many cellular processes. Under basal conditions the encoded protein is phosphorylated by AMP-activated protein kinase or the salt-inducible kinases and is sequestered in the cytoplasm. Upon activation by elevated cAMP or calcium, the encoded protein translocates to the nucleus and increases target gene expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

TORC2: the transducer of regulated CREB protein 2 (TORC2) is a cAMP responsive coactivator that, in concert with LKB1 and AMPK, controls glucose homeostasis in the liver. Under fasting conditions, cytoplasmic TORC2 is transported to the nucleus where it binds to CREB and stimulates gluconeogenisis. Re-feeding and the ensuing insulin response inhibits gluconeogenic gene expression by promoting the phosphorylation, cytoplasmic export and degradation of TORC2. TORC2 is phosphorylated by the kinase QIK which in turn is activated by phosphorylation at Ser358 by insulin-activated Akt2. Phosphorylated TORC2 is subsequently ubiquitinylated at Lys 628 and degraded by the 26S proteasome. TORC2 protein levels and activity are increased in diabetes owing to a block in TORC2 phosphorylation, implicating this pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The CREB/TORC2 regulatory axis controls the normal pattern of germinal center (GC) B cell gene activation/repression that promotes B cell development and circumvents GC lymphomagenesis.

Protein type: Transcription, coactivator/corepressor

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q21.3

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; cytoplasm

Molecular Function: protein binding; cAMP response element binding protein binding

Biological Process: viral reproduction; transcription, DNA-dependent; activation of CREB transcription factor; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; glucose homeostasis; gluconeogenesis; protein homotetramerization