Patched (PTCH1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes a member of the patched gene family. The encoded protein is the receptor for sonic hedgehog, a secreted molecule implicated in the formation of embryonic structures and in tumorigenesis, as well as the desert hedgehog and indian hedgehog proteins. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor. Mutations of this gene have been associated with basal cell nevus syndrome, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, trichoepitheliomas, transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, as well as holoprosencephaly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described, but their full length sequences and biological validity cannot be determined currently. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PTCH1: a multi-pass membrane protein member of the ?patched? family that acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog protein?s signal. Seems to have a tumor suppressor function, as inactivation of this protein is probably a necessary, if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis. Interacts with SNX17. Expressed in tumor cells but not in normal skin. In the embryo, found in all major target tissues of sonic hedgehog, such as the ventral neural tube, somites, and tissues surrounding the zone of polarizing activity of the limb bud. Defects in PTCH1 are the cause of basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), also known as Gorlin syndrome. BCNS is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by nevoid basal cell carcinomas and developmental abnormalities such as rib and craniofacial alterations, polydactyly, syndactyly, and spina bifida. In addition, the patients suffer from a multitude of tumors like basal cell carcinomas, fibromas of the ovaries and heart, cysts of the skin, jaws and mesentery, as well as medulloblastomas and meningiomas. PTCH1 defects is also the cause of holoprosencephaly, the most common structural anomaly of the brain, in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres.

Protein type: Membrane protein, integral; Membrane protein, multi-pass; Tumor suppressor; Cell cycle regulation

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9q22.3

Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; postsynaptic density; plasma membrane; integral to membrane; midbody; caveola

Molecular Function: heparin binding; cyclin binding; protein binding; hedgehog receptor activity; protein complex binding; cholesterol binding; patched binding; smoothened binding

Biological Process: heart morphogenesis; hindlimb morphogenesis; epidermis development; regulation of mitotic cell cycle; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; glucose homeostasis; response to chlorate; response to estradiol stimulus; regulation of protein localization; negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation; negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; embryonic limb morphogenesis; response to drug; smoothened signaling pathway; response to retinoic acid; pharyngeal system development; negative regulation of multicellular organism growth; in utero embryonic development; negative regulation of transcription factor activity; neural tube patterning; negative regulation of cell division; keratinocyte proliferation; spinal cord motor neuron differentiation; limb morphogenesis; organ morphogenesis; dorsal/ventral pattern formation; ureteric bud branching; response to mechanical stimulus; neural plate pattern formation; negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway; neural tube closure; embryonic organ development; protein processing; brain development; regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Disease: Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome; Holoprosencephaly 7; Basal Cell Carcinoma, Susceptibility To, 1